Audio feature engineering for occupancy and activity estimation in smart buildings

The occupancy and activity estimation are fields that have been severally researched in the past few years. However, the different techniques used include a mixture of atmospheric features such as humidity and temperature, many devices such as cameras and audio sensors, or they are limited to speech recognition. In this work is proposed that the occupancy and activity can be estimated only from the audio information using an automatic approach of audio feature engineering to extract, analyze and select descriptors/variables. This scheme of extraction of audio descriptors is used to determine the occupation and activity in specific smart environments, such that our approach can differentiate between academic, administrative or commercial environments. Our approach from the audio feature engineering is compared to previous similar works on occupancy estimation and/or activity estimation in smart buildings (most of them including other features, such as atmospherics and visuals). In general, the results obtained are very encouraging compared to previous studies.European Commissio

A systematic literature review on the use of artificial intelligence in energy self-management in smart buildings

Buildings are one of the main consumers of energy in cities, which is why a lot of research has been generated around this problem. Especially, the buildings energy management systems must improve in the next years. Artificial intelligence techniques are playing and will play a fundamental role in these improvements. This work presents a systematic review of the literature on researches that have been done in recent years to improve energy management systems for smart building using artificial intelligence techniques. An originality of the work is that they are grouped according to the concept of "Autonomous Cycles of Data Analysis Tasks", which defines that an autonomous management system requires specialized tasks, such as monitoring, analysis, and decision-making tasks for reaching objectives in the environment, like improve the energy efficiency. This organization of the work allows us to establish not only the positioning of the researches, but also, the visualization of the current challenges and opportunities in each domain. We have identified that many types of researches are in the domain of decision-making (a large majority on optimization and control tasks), and defined potential projects related to the development of autonomous cycles of data analysis tasks, feature engineering, or multi-agent systems, among others.European Commissio

Toward a conceptual framework for designing sustainable cyber-physical system architectures: A systematic mapping study

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) represent devices whose components enable interaction between machines and processes. One of the biggest challenges of these systems today is the ability to adjust to changes at the time of execution as they are implemented in environments with a multidimensional complexity, this challenge is currently addressed from the design of the systems themselves by integrating sustainability. With this problem in mind, the present document describes a systematic mapping study of the literature with the goal of demonstrating the current panorama of the frameworks, designs, and/or models used at the time of initiating the development of a cyber-physical system. As a result, it has been concluded that there is a lack of guidelines to construct sustainable, and evolvable cyber-physical systems. To address these issues, a framework for designing sustainable CPS architectures is outlined

GESTIÓN DE PROYECTOS DE SOFTWARE PARA INSTITUCIONES PÚBLICAS

RESUMENEl presente artículo presenta una forma de hacer gestión de software para entes públicos bajo la noción de prestación de servicios, de acuerdo a los lineamientos del Estado Venezolano. En particular, el Estado Venezolano ha estado promoviendo el uso del software libre a fin de potenciar la soberanía tecnológica y el desarrollo endógeno. Para lograr la gestión de servicios de software colectivo o público, se hace necesario recurrir a herramientas y a metodologías que permitan una gestión inclusiva de estos aspectos, que permita la participación de las comunidades, como la planificación estratégica y la prospectiva tecnológica. Por otro lado, es necesario también incluir ciertos elementos administrativos del desarrollo orientado a la filosofía “software libre”, con sentido social y comunitario, para lo cual se ha recurrido a tomar ideas de varios métodos de desarrollo de software, tales como XP, RUPy MoProSoft. La forma de hacer la gestión propuesta está siendo seguida en la Fábrica de Software Libre del Centro Nacionalde Desarrollo e Investigación en Tecnologías Libres, el cual atiende a diversos entes y comunidades de la Nación Venezolana. De esta manera, la propuesta también se ha nutrido de la creatividad y del aprendizaje derivado de la praxis desarrollada en dicho centro en el cual existen tres procesos fundamentales para el manejo de proyectos de software, estos son, gestión de proyectos, administración de proyectos específicos y desarrollo de aplicaciones basadas en el uso de componentes, esto ultimo facilita la reutilización de código fuente existente. PALABRAS CLAVE Metodología de desarrollo de softwareSoftware LibreGestión de proyectos de softwareGobierno software administración pública ABSTRACTThis paper presents an approach to manage aspect related to software projects for public administration under the notion of service providers, following Venezuela state laws and government lines. The nation is particularly interested in free software in order to increase technologic sovereignty and endogenous development. On the one side, it is needed the use of tools and methods that allow an inclusive management for these aspects, and the participation of different communities, such as strategic planning and technologic prospective. On the other side, it is important to include some other management elements for software development,which will be brought in from a diversity of software development methods and models such as Extreme Programming, Rational Unified Process, and MoProSoft; as well as from practice and experience. This approach is being implemented by the Free Software Factory of the NationalResearch and Development Center for Free Technologies, which gives support to many Venezuelan official entities and communities. In this manner, the proposal has also fed fromthe creativity and learning generated for the praxis from this center which has three main process for software projects, they are, project management, specific project administrationand application development based on component use, this last one makes easier the use of already existent source code. KEYWORDSSoftware Development MethodologyFree SoftwareSoftware Projects ManagementGovernment software public administration

GESTIÓN DE PROYECTOS DE SOFTWARE PARA INSTITUCIONES PÚBLICAS

RESUMENEl presente artículo presenta una forma de hacer gestión de software para entes públicos bajo la noción de prestación de servicios, de acuerdo a los lineamientos del Estado Venezolano. En particular, el Estado Venezolano ha estado promoviendo el uso del software libre a fin de potenciar la soberanía tecnológica y el desarrollo endógeno. Para lograr la gestión de servicios de software colectivo o público, se hace necesario recurrir a herramientas y a metodologías que permitan una gestión inclusiva de estos aspectos, que permita la participación de las comunidades, como la planificación estratégica y la prospectiva tecnológica. Por otro lado, es necesario también incluir ciertos elementos administrativos del desarrollo orientado a la filosofía “software libre”, con sentido social y comunitario, para lo cual se ha recurrido a tomar ideas de varios métodos de desarrollo de software, tales como XP, RUPy MoProSoft. La forma de hacer la gestión propuesta está siendo seguida en la Fábrica de Software Libre del Centro Nacionalde Desarrollo e Investigación en Tecnologías Libres, el cual atiende a diversos entes y comunidades de la Nación Venezolana. De esta manera, la propuesta también se ha nutrido de la creatividad y del aprendizaje derivado de la praxis desarrollada en dicho centro en el cual existen tres procesos fundamentales para el manejo de proyectos de software, estos son, gestión de proyectos, administración de proyectos específicos y desarrollo de aplicaciones basadas en el uso de componentes, esto ultimo facilita la reutilización de código fuente existente. PALABRAS CLAVE Metodología de desarrollo de softwareSoftware LibreGestión de proyectos de softwareGobierno software administración pública ABSTRACTThis paper presents an approach to manage aspect related to software projects for public administration under the notion of service providers, following Venezuela state laws and government lines. The nation is particularly interested in free software in order to increase technologic sovereignty and endogenous development. On the one side, it is needed the use of tools and methods that allow an inclusive management for these aspects, and the participation of different communities, such as strategic planning and technologic prospective. On the other side, it is important to include some other management elements for software development,which will be brought in from a diversity of software development methods and models such as Extreme Programming, Rational Unified Process, and MoProSoft; as well as from practice and experience. This approach is being implemented by the Free Software Factory of the NationalResearch and Development Center for Free Technologies, which gives support to many Venezuelan official entities and communities. In this manner, the proposal has also fed fromthe creativity and learning generated for the praxis from this center which has three main process for software projects, they are, project management, specific project administrationand application development based on component use, this last one makes easier the use of already existent source code. KEYWORDSSoftware Development MethodologyFree SoftwareSoftware Projects ManagementGovernment software public administration

Autonomic management of a building's multi-HVAC system start-up

Most studies about the control, automation, optimization and supervision of building HVAC systems concentrate on the steady-state regime, i.e., when the equipment is already working at its setpoints. The originality of the current work consists of proposing the optimization of building multi-HVAC systems from start-up until they reach the setpoint, making the transition to steady state-based strategies smooth. The proposed approach works on the transient regime of multi-HVAC systems optimizing contradictory objectives, such as the desired comfort and energy costs, based on the "Autonomic Cycle of Data Analysis Tasks" concept. In this case, the autonomic cycle is composed of two data analysis tasks: one for determining if the system is going towards the defined operational setpoint, and if that is not the case, another task for reconfiguring the operational mode of the multi-HVAC system to redirect it. The first task uses machine learning techniques to build detection and prediction models, and the second task defines a reconfiguration model using multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. This proposal is proven in a real case study that characterizes a particular multi-HVAC system and its operational setpoints. The performance obtained from the experiments in diverse situations is impressive since there is a high level of conformity for the multi-HVAC system to reach the setpoint and deliver the operation to the steady-state smoothly, avoiding overshooting and other non-desirable transitional effects.European CommissionJunta de Comunidades de Castilla-La ManchaMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovació

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

A recursive pattern recognition algorithm

En este trabajo, proponemos un algoritmo de reconocimiento de patrones basado en el funcionamiento sistemático del neocórtex humano, en procesos de reconocimiento de patrones. El algoritmo explota la idea de recursividad, basada en la jerarquía neocortical y en la desagregación/integración del patrón en el proceso de reconocimiento. El algoritmo propuesto es probado para analizar sus capacidades de reconocimiento de patrones.This work presents a pattern recognition algorithm based on the systematic functioning of the human neocortex, in processes of pattern recognition. The algorithm exploits the idea of recursivity, based on the neocortical hierarchy and the decomposition/integration in the recognition process. The proposed algorithm is tested to analyze its capabilities of pattern recognition

ANÁLISIS DE LOS PROBLEMAS DE RENDIMIENTO EN UN EVA (ENTORNO VIRTUAL DE APRENDIZAJE) A TRAVÉS DE LA EXTRACCIÓN DE CONOCIMIENTO

En este trabajo, se analiza el comportamiento de un Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje (EVA), específicamente en lo relacionado a su rendimiento, a través de los procesos de gestión del almacenamiento de estas plataformas. Para comprender e interpretar el comportamiento de un EVA, se usa una metodología basada en la Analítica de Datos (AD), la cual soporta los procesos de toma de decisiones para resolver los problemas de rendimiento debido al almacenamiento. Para ello, se especifican ciclos autonómicos de tareas de análisis de datos para los subprocesos del EVA relacionados con la carga de datos y descarga de archivos, con el fin de mejorar el rendimiento de los medios de almacenamiento del EVA. En particular, durante este trabajo se usa como caso de estudio a la plataforma de e-Learning Moodle